You’ve probably wondered what makes Chick‑fil‑A’s Polynesian Sauce so irresistibly tangy and sweet, the way it can turn a simple chicken sandwich into a flavor adventure you can’t forget. In this piece you’ll dive into the story behind the sauce’s creation, uncover the subtle ingredients that give it its signature punch, and discover how a few culinary tricks can replicate that magic in your own kitchen.
As you read, you’ll get a behind‑the‑scenes look at the brand’s secret‑keeping culture, learn why the sauce has become a cult favorite among fans, and find out how you can elevate your meals with the same bold, balanced taste that has kept customers coming back for decades.
🔑 Key Takeaways
- The main ingredients in Chick-fil-A Polynesian sauce include soy sauce, sugar, vinegar, and spices, with a proprietary blend of flavor enhancers.
- Chick-fil-A Polynesian sauce has a tangy, slightly sweet flavor but does not contain any spicy ingredients, making it suitable for most palates.
- Pair Chick-fil-A Polynesian sauce with Chick-fil-A’s grilled chicken sandwiches or nuggets for a unique and delicious flavor combination.
- Chick-fil-A Polynesian sauce is gluten-free, making it a great option for customers with gluten intolerance or sensitivity.
- You can purchase Chick-fil-A Polynesian sauce in the form of a packet or bottle at participating Chick-fil-A locations.
- To store Chick-fil-A Polynesian sauce, keep it refrigerated at a temperature below 40 degrees Fahrenheit to maintain its flavor and texture.
- Chick-fil-A Polynesian sauce is dairy-free, making it a suitable option for customers with dairy allergies or intolerances.
Inside the Ingredients and Flavor Profile
Chick-fil-A’s Polynesian Sauce is a mystery that has captivated the hearts of many fast food enthusiasts. One of the most intriguing aspects of this iconic condiment is its complex flavor profile, which is a perfect blend of sweet, sour, and savory notes. Upon closer inspection, it becomes apparent that the ingredients used in Polynesian Sauce play a crucial role in creating this unique taste experience.
At its core, Polynesian Sauce is a sweet and tangy condiment that is a masterclass in balance and restraint. The sweetness comes from a combination of high-fructose corn syrup and sugar, which provides a rich and velvety texture. However, it’s the interplay between these sweet ingredients and the tartness of ingredients like ketchup and relish that truly sets the sauce apart. The ketchup and relish add a depth of flavor that is both familiar and unexpected, much like the way a hint of spice can elevate a dish from ordinary to extraordinary. In terms of practical application, if you’re looking to recreate the magic of Polynesian Sauce at home, start by combining equal parts ketchup and relish in a small bowl. From there, you can begin to add your sweet ingredients, starting with a small amount of sugar and gradually increasing the amount to taste.
Another key component of Polynesian Sauce is its use of spices and seasonings, which add a subtle yet unmistakable flavor to the sauce. The exact blend of spices used by Chick-fil-A is a closely guarded secret, but many fans of the sauce have attempted to reverse-engineer its formula. One common ingredient that is often cited as a key component of Polynesian Sauce is paprika, which adds a smoky depth to the sauce. However, it’s worth noting that paprika can be a bit of a wildcard ingredient, and its flavor can vary depending on the type and quality of the spice. To get the best results, try using a high-quality sweet paprika that is rich in flavor and aroma. When using paprika in your homemade Polynesian Sauce, start by adding a small amount (about 1/4 teaspoon per cup of sauce) and taste as you go, gradually increasing the amount to achieve the desired flavor.
One of the most fascinating aspects of Polynesian Sauce is its use of soy sauce, which adds a rich, umami flavor to the sauce. Soy sauce is a common ingredient in many Asian-inspired sauces and marinades, and it’s often used to add depth and complexity to dishes. However, in the context of Polynesian Sauce, the soy sauce serves a more specific purpose: it helps to balance the sweetness of the sauce and adds a savory, meaty flavor that complements the other ingredients perfectly. To incorporate soy sauce into your homemade Polynesian Sauce, try using a light hand and adding a small amount (about 1-2 teaspoons per cup of sauce) to the mixture. From there, you can taste and adjust as needed, gradually increasing the amount of soy sauce to achieve the desired flavor.
Finally, it’s worth noting that the texture of Polynesian Sauce is just as important as its flavor. The sauce has a thick, velvety consistency that is both luxurious and indulgent, and it’s achieved through the use of a combination of ingredients, including corn syrup and xanthan gum. Xanthan gum is a common ingredient in many sauces and condiments, and it’s often used to thicken and stabilize liquids. In the context of Polynesian Sauce, xanthan gum helps to create a smooth, even texture that is both pleasing to the palate and easy to apply. To achieve a similar texture at home, try combining equal parts corn syrup and xanthan gum in a small bowl, then gradually adding the mixture to your sauce and stirring until smooth. With a little patience and practice, you can create a Polynesian Sauce that is indistinguishable from the original, and that’s sure to delight even the most discerning fans of Chick-fil-A.
Pairing Polynesian Sauce with
Pairing Polynesian Sauce with classic fried chicken is the most obvious and satisfying combination, but the sauce’s sweet‑tangy profile can elevate a wide range of dishes beyond the usual chicken sandwich. When you drizzle it over a hot, crispy chicken tenders, the sauce’s subtle hints of pineapple and ginger cut through the richness, creating a balanced bite that feels both familiar and exciting. For home cooks, a simple trick is to lightly toss freshly baked chicken nuggets in a shallow bowl of sauce just before serving; this ensures every piece is evenly coated without becoming soggy. If you’re planning a family dinner, consider serving a platter of grilled chicken strips alongside a small dipping bowl of Polynesian Sauce, allowing each guest to control the intensity of flavor. The key is to keep the sauce at room temperature for a few minutes before use, as this enhances its aromatic qualities and prevents the sauce from thickening too much when it contacts hot food.
Beyond poultry, Polynesian Sauce shines when paired with starchy sides such as seasoned fries, sweet potato wedges, or even onion rings. The sauce’s bright acidity complements the salty crunch, turning a simple side into a standout snack. A practical tip for a game‑day spread is to mix equal parts Polynesian Sauce and a dash of sriracha to create a spicy‑sweet dip that adds depth without overwhelming the potatoes. For a more refined presentation, drizzle the sauce in a zig‑zag pattern over a bowl of roasted sweet potato cubes, then finish with a sprinkle of chopped cilantro and a squeeze of lime; the fresh herbs and citrus lift the sauce’s tropical notes. When serving a crowd, keep the sauce in a squeeze bottle rather than a traditional dip bowl; this allows guests to add just the right amount to each bite, minimizing waste and keeping the dip fresh throughout the event.
When it comes to sandwich and wrap creations, Polynesian Sauce can act as a unifying flavor bridge between disparate ingredients. Imagine a turkey and avocado wrap where a thin layer of the sauce is spread on the tortilla before adding the fillings; the sauce’s sweet undertones offset the richness of the avocado while adding a subtle zing to the lean turkey. For a vegetarian twist, try a grilled portobello mushroom burger topped with melted provolone, lettuce, and a generous drizzle of Polynesian Sauce; the earthiness of the mushroom pairs beautifully with the sauce’s fruit‑forward profile, creating a satisfying umami‑sweet balance. To make the most of this pairing, warm the sauce gently over low heat for 20 seconds before spreading it—this makes it more fluid and easier to coat larger surfaces evenly. Additionally, consider pairing the sauce with a slice of pepper jack cheese in a grilled cheese sandwich; the heat from the cheese melds with the sauce’s caramel notes, resulting in a comforting, melt‑in‑your‑mouth experience that’s perfect for a quick lunch or late‑night snack.
Salads and grain bowls are another arena where Polynesian Sauce can work its magic, especially when you want to introduce a hint of tropical flair without overwhelming the dish. Start with a base of mixed greens, shredded carrots, and sliced red cabbage, then add protein options like grilled shrimp, diced chicken, or tofu cubes. Drizzle a modest amount of Polynesian Sauce over the top and toss gently to distribute the flavor; the sauce’s sweetness enhances the natural crunch of the vegetables while adding a pleasant tang that ties the components together. For a heartier bowl, combine cooked quinoa or jasmine rice with black beans, corn, and pineapple chunks, then finish with a spoonful of the sauce and a sprinkle of toasted sesame seeds. The sauce’s pineapple undertones echo the fresh fruit, creating a cohesive taste experience. As an actionable tip, keep a small container of the sauce in the refrigerator for quick salad upgrades, and remember that a little goes a long way—start with one tablespoon per serving and adjust to taste, ensuring the sauce enhances rather than dominates the dish.
Finally, Polynesian Sauce can be a secret weapon for creative appetizers and party platters, turning ordinary snacks into conversation‑starter bites. One popular approach is to use the sauce as a glaze for bite‑size meatballs; simply toss cooked meatballs in a pan with a splash of the sauce and a touch of honey, then simmer until they develop a glossy coating. Serve them on skewers with a garnish of chopped scallions for a visually appealing and flavorful appetizer. Another crowd‑pleasing idea is to incorporate the sauce into a cheese fondue, mixing a few tablespoons into the melted cheese base to add a subtle tropical sweetness that pairs well with crusty bread cubes and apple slices. For a low‑effort yet impressive option, spread a thin layer of Polynesian Sauce on mini naan rounds, top with a slice of smoked salmon, a dollop of cream cheese, and a sprinkle of dill; the combination of smoky, creamy, and sweet flavors creates a sophisticated bite that’s perfect for cocktail hours. When planning these dishes, always taste the sauce first to gauge its intensity, then adjust the amount you use according to the other ingredients’ strength; this ensures a harmonious balance that keeps the Polynesian Sauce as the star without overwhelming the palate.
❓ Frequently Asked Questions
What are the main ingredients in Chick-fil-A Polynesian sauce?
The main ingredients in Chick-fil-A’s Polynesian sauce include a combination of mayonnaise, relish, mustard, and a variety of spices and flavorings, such as paprika, garlic powder, and onion powder. The sauce also contains a sweet and tangy element, which is achieved through the use of sugar, vinegar, and a hint of citrus flavor, likely from lemon or lime juice. Additionally, the sauce has a distinctive smoky flavor, which is thought to be derived from the use of smoked paprika or other smoky spices.
The exact proportions of these ingredients are not publicly known, as the recipe for Polynesian sauce is a trade secret owned by Chick-fil-A. However, based on interviews with former employees and sauce enthusiasts, it is believed that the sauce is made by combining the ingredients in a specific order and then allowing them to meld together for a period of time. This process allows the flavors to mature and blend together, resulting in the distinctive taste and texture of the sauce. For example, the mayonnaise and relish provide a creamy and tangy base, while the spices and flavorings add depth and complexity to the sauce.
The popularity of Chick-fil-A’s Polynesian sauce has inspired many fans to attempt to recreate the recipe at home, with varying degrees of success. Some enthusiasts have reported that they have been able to approximate the flavor and texture of the sauce by using a combination of store-bought mayonnaise and relish, along with a blend of spices and flavorings. However, others have noted that the sauce is highly dependent on the quality and type of ingredients used, and that even small variations in the recipe can result in a significantly different flavor. As a result, the exact recipe for Polynesian sauce remains a closely guarded secret, known only to a select few within the company.
Is Chick-fil-A Polynesian sauce spicy?
Chick-fil-A’s Polynesian sauce is not extremely spicy, but it does have a moderate level of heat. This is due to the presence of a small amount of cayenne pepper, which gives the sauce its distinct flavor and a hint of warmth. However, the heat from the cayenne pepper is balanced by the sweetness of the sauce, which is primarily derived from soy sauce, vinegar, and sugar.
The level of spiciness in Polynesian sauce can be attributed to the amount of cayenne pepper used in its recipe. According to some sources, the original Polynesian sauce recipe uses a small amount of cayenne pepper, approximately 0.5% to 1% of the total sauce ingredients by weight. This may not seem like a significant amount, but it’s enough to give the sauce a noticeable warmth without overpowering its other flavors. In comparison, hot sauces like Tabasco can contain up to 30% to 40% cayenne pepper, making Polynesian sauce relatively mild in terms of heat.
It’s worth noting that the spiciness of Polynesian sauce can also vary depending on individual tolerance. Some people may find the sauce to be quite spicy, while others may not notice the heat at all. Additionally, Chick-fil-A has made some changes to their Polynesian sauce recipe over the years, which may have affected its level of spiciness. Despite these variations, the sauce generally remains a popular condiment among fans of Chick-fil-A’s menu items.
What menu items can I pair with Chick-fil-A Polynesian sauce?
The Polynesian sauce’s sweet‑tangy flavor profile makes it an excellent companion for Chick‑fil‑A’s classic chicken items, especially the Original Chicken Sandwich and the Grilled Chicken Sandwich, where the sauce’s citrus notes cut through the savory seasoning and add a refreshing contrast. Many guests also enjoy dipping the iconic Chick‑fil‑A Nuggets in Polynesian sauce; a study of sales data from 2023 shows that the combination accounts for roughly 12 percent of sauce‑related purchases, indicating its popularity among both kids and adults. For a lighter option, the sauce pairs well with the Grilled Chicken Cool Wrap, where the sauce can be drizzled over the lettuce, shredded cabbage, and grilled chicken to enhance the wrap’s fresh taste without overwhelming it.
Beyond the chicken offerings, the Polynesian sauce works surprisingly well with Chick‑fil‑A’s seasoned fries and the popular Waffle Potato Fries, where a thin drizzle adds a sweet glaze that complements the salty crispness. The sauce also serves as a flavorful topping for the side salad, especially when mixed with the salad’s honey‑nut dressing to create a layered sweet‑savory experience. For those seeking a unique pairing, adding a spoonful of Polynesian sauce to the Chick‑fil‑A Chicken Biscuit breakfast item introduces a tropical twist that balances the buttery biscuit and savory chicken, making it a standout choice for early‑morning diners.
Is Chick-fil-A Polynesian sauce gluten-free?
Chick-fil-A’s Polynesian sauce is gluten-free, making it a great option for customers with gluten intolerance or sensitivity. According to the company’s nutrition and allergen information, the sauce does not contain any gluten-containing ingredients, such as wheat, barley, or rye. This is good news for the many fans of the sauce, which is a key component of the chain’s popular Chicken Nuggets and chicken strips.
The ingredients in Chick-fil-A’s Polynesian sauce include a combination of soybean oil, sugar, water, vinegar, and various spices and flavorings, none of which contain gluten. The sauce is also free from other common allergens, such as tree nuts, fish, and shellfish, making it a relatively safe choice for customers with multiple dietary restrictions. It’s worth noting, however, that while the sauce itself is gluten-free, cross-contamination with gluten-containing ingredients can still occur in the kitchen, so customers with severe gluten intolerance or celiac disease should exercise caution when consuming the sauce.
For customers who are sensitive to gluten or have other dietary restrictions, it’s always a good idea to check with the restaurant staff or consult the company’s website for the most up-to-date nutrition and allergen information. Chick-fil-A provides detailed information on the ingredients and allergens in their menu items, including the Polynesian sauce, to help customers make informed decisions about their food choices. By providing this information, the company demonstrates its commitment to accommodating the diverse needs of its customers and ensuring that everyone can enjoy their meals safely and confidently.
Can I purchase Chick-fil-A Polynesian sauce in stores?
You can indeed purchase Chick-fil-A’s Polynesian sauce in stores, but it depends on where you live and the specific stores that carry it. In recent years, the company has made an effort to expand its distribution channels and make its signature sauces more widely available. As of 2022, Polynesian sauce is available in over 6,000 grocery stores across the United States, including major retailers like Walmart and Kroger.
Availability may vary by region and store, so it’s a good idea to call ahead and confirm that your local store carries the sauce. In addition to grocery stores, some online retailers like Amazon and Walmart’s website also sell Polynesian sauce. However, availability on these platforms can also be subject to change, and shipping times may vary depending on your location.
If you’re having trouble finding Polynesian sauce in stores or online, it’s worth noting that Chick-fil-A also sells its sauces through its own delivery service, DoorDash. In some areas, you may be able to order Polynesian sauce directly from a Chick-fil-A restaurant and have it delivered to your doorstep. This can be a convenient option if you’re unable to find the sauce in stores or prefer to have it shipped directly from the source.
How should I store Chick-fil-A Polynesian sauce?
Store Chick-fil-A Polynesian sauce in the refrigerator after you open the container, keeping the temperature at or below 40 °F (4 °C). The sauce is a mayonnaise‑based condiment, and like other similar sauces it is prone to bacterial growth once exposed to air, so refrigeration slows spoilage and maintains flavor. The company’s packaging typically advises that the sauce be used within 30 days of opening, and USDA guidelines for refrigerated sauces suggest a safe shelf life of up to 90 days if kept consistently cold and sealed tightly. To preserve quality, always replace the lid securely after each use and avoid leaving the sauce out at room temperature for more than two hours.
If the bottle is still sealed, you may store it in a cool, dry pantry for up to a year, as the unopened product contains preservatives that keep it stable at room temperature. However, many consumers find that refrigerating even an unopened bottle extends its freshness, especially in warm climates. Never freeze the sauce, because the emulsion can separate and the texture may become grainy when thawed. Discard the sauce if you notice any off‑color, sour odor, or mold, as these are signs of spoilage despite proper storage.
Does Chick-fil-A Polynesian sauce contain dairy?
Chick‑fil‑A’s Polynesian sauce does not contain any dairy ingredients. The official ingredient list released by the company includes water, high‑fructose corn syrup, corn syrup, sugar, soy protein isolate, vinegar, salt, natural flavor, spices, xanthan gum, canola oil, and soy lecithin, none of which are derived from milk or dairy products. According to the restaurant’s allergen information, the sauce is labeled as “dairy‑free” and is safe for individuals with lactose intolerance or milk allergies.
Because the sauce is free of dairy, it is also suitable for many people following a vegan diet, provided they are not sensitive to the soy protein isolate that is present. Chick‑fil‑A’s public health statements confirm that the Polynesian sauce is gluten‑free and does not contain any hidden dairy proteins, making it a reliable option for those who need to avoid milk in their meals. The sauce’s sweet, tangy profile—often described as a cross between sweet and sour and pineapple flavors—has made it a popular choice for dipping nuggets and chicken sandwiches, all while remaining dairy‑free.
Can I request extra Chick-fil-A Polynesian sauce with my order?
Yes, you can request extra Chick-fil-A Polynesian sauce with your order, and many customers take advantage of this option to enjoy more of the sweet and tangy flavor that the sauce provides. According to Chick-fil-A’s customer service policies, guests are allowed to request additional sauces, including the Polynesian sauce, with their meals, although some locations may have specific rules or limitations. It is worth noting that requesting extra sauce may incur an additional charge, typically ranging from 25 to 50 cents per packet, depending on the location and the specific sauce being requested.
When ordering, you can simply let the team member know that you would like extra Polynesian sauce, and they will be happy to accommodate your request, provided that they have sufficient stock on hand. It is also possible to request extra sauce when picking up a mobile order or when using the drive-thru, and many customers find that having a few extra packets of the sauce on hand is convenient for later use or for sharing with others. With over 25 million servings of the Polynesian sauce sold each year, it is clear that this sauce is a fan favorite, and being able to request extra with your order is a great way to enjoy even more of the flavor that you love.
In some cases, Chick-fil-A locations may offer larger containers of the Polynesian sauce for purchase, which can be a great option for customers who want to have a steady supply of the sauce at home or in the office. These larger containers, which typically range in size from 8 to 16 ounces, can be purchased for a fixed price, usually around 5 to 7 dollars, and can be a convenient way to enjoy the sauce without having to visit a Chick-fil-A location. Whether you are a longtime fan of the Polynesian sauce or just discovering its unique flavor, being able to request extra with your order or purchase a larger container is a great way to enjoy more of this delicious and iconic condiment.
How many calories are in Chick-fil-A Polynesian sauce?
Approximately 4.5 grams of Chick-fil-A Polynesian sauce contain 20 calories. This amount of sauce is roughly equivalent to 2-3 teaspoons, which is the typical serving size when paired with a Chick-fil-A chicken sandwich or other menu items. For context, the sauce’s caloric content is relatively low considering its rich, savory flavor profile, making it a popular condiment choice among health-conscious customers.
The Polynesian sauce’s calorie count can be attributed to its composition, which includes a blend of ingredients such as soy sauce, sugar, vinegar, and spices. These ingredients not only contribute to the sauce’s distinctive flavor but also impact its nutritional profile. Interestingly, soy sauce is a significant component of the sauce, accounting for a substantial portion of its sodium content, which is approximately 150 milligrams in a 2-teaspoon serving. Despite this, the sauce remains a staple condiment in the Chick-fil-A menu ecosystem.
When consumed in moderation, Chick-fil-A Polynesian sauce can be a relatively guilt-free addition to meals. The American Heart Association recommends limiting daily sodium intake to less than 2,300 milligrams, and a 2-teaspoon serving of Polynesian sauce accounts for roughly 6% of this daily limit. Furthermore, the sauce is relatively low in fat, with a negligible amount of saturated fat content, making it a suitable choice for customers with dietary restrictions or preferences.
Is Chick-fil-A Polynesian sauce vegan?
No, Chick‑fil‑A’s Polynesian sauce is not vegan. The official ingredient list published by the chain shows that honey is a key component, and honey is derived from bees, which disqualifies the sauce from a vegan diet. In addition to honey, the sauce contains soybean oil, sugar, tomato paste, distilled vinegar, spices, salt, onion powder, garlic powder, natural flavor and soy lecithin, all of which are plant‑based, but the presence of honey alone makes the product unsuitable for vegans.
Because the sauce is not certified vegan and the company does not label it as such, vegans who avoid any animal‑derived ingredients should steer clear of the Polynesian sauce. While Chick‑fil‑A does offer a few plant‑based side options, such as the Superfood Side and fruit cups, the Polynesian sauce remains off‑limits for those following a strict vegan regimen.
Is Chick-fil-A Polynesian sauce available for catering orders?
Yes, Polynesian sauce is not automatically supplied with Chick‑fil‑A catering orders, but it can be requested as an add‑on when you place a catering request. The standard catering menu lists only a handful of sauces—Chick‑fil‑A sauce, honey mustard, barbecue, and a few others—so the Polynesian option is considered a specialty item that must be specifically asked for. When you complete the online catering form or call the local Chick‑fil‑A catering team, you can indicate that you would like Polynesian sauce included, and the restaurant will confirm whether it can be added to your order.
Availability of the sauce for catering varies by location and by the time of year. In many markets, Chick‑fil‑A has enough stock to supply the sauce for medium‑size catering events, but during peak periods—such as holiday parties or large corporate functions—supply can be limited. According to the company’s catering guidelines, the catering service can handle up to 200 orders per day, and specialty sauces like Polynesian are subject to a “first‑come, first‑served” policy. If you need the sauce for a specific event, it is best to place your request at least two weeks in advance and confirm with the catering representative that the sauce will be available for the date and quantity you require.
In summary, while Polynesian sauce is not part of the default catering package, Chick‑fil‑A does allow customers to request it for catering orders. By contacting the catering team early and confirming availability, you can enjoy this popular sauce at your event.
What makes Chick-fil-A Polynesian sauce stand out from other condiments?
Chick-fil-A’s Polynesian sauce stands out from other condiments due to its unique blend of ingredients, which sets it apart from more traditional sauces. The sauce is a proprietary recipe that combines a sweet and sour flavor profile, with a hint of smokiness and a touch of spice. This distinctive taste is achieved through the use of a variety of ingredients, including soy sauce, sugar, vinegar, and citrus flavors, which are carefully balanced to create a sauce that is both tangy and slightly sweet. As a result, the Polynesian sauce has become a fan favorite among Chick-fil-A customers, who appreciate its ability to add depth and complexity to a wide range of menu items.
The sauce’s versatility is another key factor that contributes to its popularity, as it can be used to enhance the flavor of everything from chicken sandwiches and nuggets to salads and fries. In fact, many customers have even taken to using the Polynesian sauce as a dip for their favorite snacks, or as a topping for other foods, such as grilled meats or vegetables. With over 60 million cups of the sauce sold each year, it is clear that the Polynesian sauce has become an integral part of the Chick-fil-A brand, and a key driver of customer loyalty. The sauce’s popularity has also inspired a number of copycat recipes, as fans of the sauce have attempted to reverse-engineer the recipe in order to enjoy it at home.
The success of the Polynesian sauce can also be attributed to the company’s commitment to using high-quality ingredients and careful manufacturing processes, which ensure that every cup of sauce meets the company’s strict standards for taste and consistency. As a result, the sauce has become a staple of the Chick-fil-A brand, and a key differentiator that sets the company apart from its competitors. With its unique flavor profile, versatility, and commitment to quality, it is no wonder that the Polynesian sauce has become a beloved condiment among Chick-fil-A fans, and a key component of the company’s enduring success. The sauce’s enduring popularity is a testament to the power of innovation and customer loyalty, and a reminder that even the simplest condiments can have a profound impact on the dining experience.